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HASS · Year 11
Urbanisation — the growth of cities as populations shift from rural to urban areas — is one of the most significant global demographic trends, with more than half the world's population now living in urban areas, a proportion still increasing. Rapid, poorly planned urban growth can strain infrastructure, housing and services, contributing to problems like overcrowding, informal settlements, and unequal access to services within a city. Sustainable city planning aims to address these challenges directly — through efficient public transport, green spaces, sustainable housing density, and infrastructure designed to reduce a city's environmental footprint while genuinely improving quality of life for its residents, rather than treating growth and sustainability as opposing goals.
Example
A city investing in high-quality public transport (like an extensive metro or light rail network) can reduce reliance on private cars, cutting both traffic congestion and carbon emissions, while also making the city more accessible for residents who can't afford a car — showing how a single well-planned piece of infrastructure can address environmental, economic and social goals simultaneously, rather than trading one off against the others.
Key terms
This topic is self-directed and doesn't have quiz questions.